Question

Which of the following participates in fermentation?

• A. Fungus
• B. Yeast
• C. Bacteria
• D. Virus

Hint:

In biology questions with overlapping categories (like Fungus and Yeast), the more specific correct answer is often the intended one. Remember yeast for bread and beer, and bacteria for yogurt.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms like bacteria and yeast convert carbohydrates, such as starch or sugar, into alcohol or an acid. It is an anaerobic process, meaning it occurs without oxygen.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Yeast: Yeast is a single-celled fungus and is the classic example of an organism that performs fermentation. It is used in baking to make bread rise and in brewing to produce alcoholic beverages.
- Fungus: Yeast is a type of fungus, so this is a broader, correct category. However, "Yeast" is more specific.
- Bacteria: Certain types of bacteria also carry out fermentation, such as the lactic acid fermentation used to make yogurt and curd.
- Virus: Viruses are not living cells and cannot perform metabolic processes like fermentation. They require a host cell to replicate.
Among the given choices, while fungus and bacteria are also correct, Yeast is the most specific and commonly cited agent of fermentation in general knowledge contexts.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Yeast is a primary microorganism that participates in fermentation.