Question:
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of the ozone layer in the upper strata of the atmosphere?
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of the ozone layer in the upper strata of the atmosphere?
Updated On: Jul 12, 2022
- Polyhalogens
- Ferrocenes
- Fullerenes
- Freons
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Freons or chlorofluoro carbons are responsible for depletion of the ozone layer in the upper strata of the. atmosphere. They are used as propellants, aerosol spray caps, refrigerents, fire fighting reagents etc. They are stable and chemically inert compounds. They absorb UV-radiation and break down liberating free atomic chlorine which causes decomposition of ozone through free radical reaction. This results in the depletion of the ozone layer.
Freons are mainly Freon-1 $\left( CFCl _{3}\right)$ and Freon-12 $\left( CF _{2} Cl _{2}\right)$. They form free radical of chlorine in presence of UV-radiation. Such free radical decomposes $O _{3}$ as follows
$Cl^{\bullet} + O_3 \to ClO^{\bullet} + O_2$
$ClO^{\bullet} + O_3 \to \underset{\text{Chlorine free radical}}{Cl^{\bullet}} + 2O_2$
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Concepts Used:
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
The hydrocarbons such as Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are the ones, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. The main difference between Haloalkanes and Haloarenes is that Haloalkanes are derived from open chained hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, and Haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Haloalkanes have hydrocarbons made up of aliphatic alkanes and one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogens (elements such as Chlorine, Bromine, Fluorine, Iodine, etc.) whereas, haloarenes consist of aromatic ring or rings and one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogens.
- In haloalkanes, the halogen atom is attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon atom of the alkyl group whereas, in haloarenes, the halogen atom is attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon atom of the alkyl group.
- Haloalkanes are saturated organic compounds where all the chemical bonds are attached to the carbon atom with single bonds and a single carbon atom is attached to the Halogen atom, whereas, the haloarenes differ from Haloalkanes by their method of preparation and properties.
- Haloalkanes are made by aliphatic alkanes by the process of free radical halogenation, whereas, haloarenes are made by direct halogenation of aromatic rings.
- Haloalkanes are odorless compounds, whereas, haloarenes have a sweet odor.
- Haloalkanes precipitate in SN2 substitution reactions, whereas, haloarenes do not precipitate in SN2 substitution reactions.
- Example of haloalkanes is CH3Cl (Methyl Chloride) and CH3CH2Br (Ethyl Bromide) and the example of haloarenes is Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene.