Step 1: Causes of global warming.
Global warming is caused mainly by human-induced activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and rapid population growth.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
(A) Use of fossil fuels: Correct cause — Releases CO\(_2\).
(B) Deforestation: Correct cause — Reduces carbon sinks.
(C) Population explosion: Correct cause — Increases resource use and emissions.
(D) Improvement in the efficiency of energy use: Not a cause — In fact, this helps reduce global warming.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the option Improvement in efficiency of energy use is not a cause of global warming.