Question:

Define water quality. Explain the reasons of deteriorating surface water quality in India.

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Surface water quality is declining in India due to sewage, industrial discharge, agricultural chemicals, and urban waste.
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Solution and Explanation

Water Quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, which determine its suitability for drinking, agriculture, industry, and aquatic life. \medskip Reasons for Deteriorating Surface Water Quality in India:
Discharge of Industrial Waste: Untreated or partially treated industrial effluents are dumped into rivers and lakes.
Sewage Disposal: A large volume of domestic sewage is directly released into water bodies without treatment.
Agricultural Runoff: Fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals used in farming wash into nearby rivers and lakes.
Religious and Cultural Practices: Immersion of idols, ashes, and other offerings pollute rivers.
Urbanization: Unplanned urban growth leads to encroachment and pollution of water bodies due to lack of proper sanitation and drainage systems.
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