Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. The law grants exclusive rights to creators over the use of their creations to encourage innovation and creativity.
However, not all creations or ideas qualify for protection under Intellectual Property laws. Specifically, mathematical formulas are generally not entitled to IP protection. This is because mathematical formulas are considered abstract ideas or discoveries rather than inventions or creative expressions.
While inventions applying mathematical formulas may be patentable if they meet other criteria, the formulas themselves, being fundamental principles of nature or abstract truths, are excluded from patent or copyright protection.
Hence, among the options, mathematical formula is not protected as Intellectual Property.
Conclusion:
Mathematical formulas are not entitled to protection as Intellectual Property, as they are abstract concepts rather than tangible or inventive creations.