Question

Which of the following is correct as per the Stefan-Boltzmann law? (where, $M$ = total radiant emitted from the surface of a material, $\sigma$ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant and $T$ = absolute temperature)

• A. $M = \sigma T^4$
• B. $M = \sigma T^3$
• C. $M = \sigma T^2$
• D. $M = \sigma T$

Hint:

Stefan-Boltzmann law: $M = \sigma T^4$; radiant energy scales with $T^4$.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the total radiant energy ($M$) emitted from the surface of a material is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature ($T$):
- The correct formula is $M = \sigma T^4$, where $\sigma$ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.
- Other options ($T^3$, $T^2$, $T$) do not match the law.