Which of the following is/are the route(s) by which a toxic substance may enter a human body?
Show Hint
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
- Perspiration
- Asphyxiation
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
1. Ingestion: Consuming contaminated food, water, or swallowing harmful substances.
2. Inhalation: Breathing in toxic gases, vapors, or particulates. This is often the fastest and most dangerous route due to rapid absorption in the lungs.
- Perspiration (C): This is the body’s process of sweating and does not allow toxins to enter; rather it helps eliminate waste. Hence, it is not a route of entry.
- Asphyxiation (D): This is a condition resulting from lack of oxygen, not a route of toxin entry.
- Therefore, the correct routes of entry for toxins are ingestion and inhalation.
Top Questions on Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
- A kill mud of appropriate density is required to be injected in a well such that the shut-in pressure is $6.8 \times 10^{6}\ \mathrm{Pa}$ at a depth of $3500\ \mathrm{m}$. Here, the shut-in pressure is the quantity by which the bottom-hole pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure of the original mud at the given depth. The density of the original mud is $1100\ \mathrm{kg/m^3}$. The density of the kill mud is _________ kg/m$^3$ (rounded to two decimal places).
- GATE PE - 2023
- Petroleum Engineering
- Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
After well completion, a discovery well in an oil reservoir is produced for a short period and then closed for pressure build-up test. The production history before shut-in is given below. The Horner’s pseudo-producing time, $t_{pH}$, is ............... hr (rounded to nearest integer).
Production rate (STB/day) Duration (days) 500 5 550 7 400 8 - GATE PE - 2023
- Petroleum Engineering
- Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
A build-up test is characterized by production at constant rate over time $t_p$, followed by shut-in period of $\Delta t$. A plot of shut-in bottom hole pressure ($P_{ws}$) with $\log \left(\dfrac{t_p+\Delta t}{\Delta t}\right)$ for pressure build-up test data is shown in the figure. Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?
- GATE PE - 2023
- Petroleum Engineering
- Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
Match the flow regimes associated with a vertically fractured well in a reservoir.
- GATE PE - 2023
- Petroleum Engineering
- Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
Contact angle measurements are often performed on smooth surfaces to gain information about the wettability of a surface. The interfacial tensions between solid-liquid, liquid-air, and air-solid are $\gamma_{SL}$, $\gamma_{LA}$, and $\gamma_{AS}$, respectively. Which of the following expressions describes the contact angle, $\Theta$?
- GATE PE - 2023
- Petroleum Engineering
- Petroleum Exploration and Drilling Engineering
Questions Asked in GATE PE exam
Identify the option that has the most appropriate sequence such that a coherent paragraph is formed:
Statement:
P. At once, without thinking much, people rushed towards the city in hordes with the sole aim of grabbing as much gold as they could.
Q. However, little did they realize about the impending hardships they would have to face on their way to the city: miles of mud, unfriendly forests, hungry beasts, and inimical local lords—all of which would reduce their chances of getting gold to almost zero.
R. All of them thought that easily they could lay their hands on gold and become wealthy overnight.
S. About a hundred years ago, the news that gold had been discovered in Kolar spread like wildfire and the whole State was in raptures.
For a hydrocarbon reservoir, the following parameters are used in the general material balance equation (MBE):
\[ \begin{aligned} N & = \text{Initial (original) oil in place, stb} \\ G & = \text{Initial volume of gas cap, scf} \\ m & = \text{Ratio of initial volume of gas cap to volume of oil initial in place, rb/rb} \\ S_{wi} & = \text{Initial water saturation} \\ S_{oi} & = \text{Initial oil saturation} \\ B_{oi} & = \text{Initial oil formation volume factor, rb/stb} \\ B_{gi} & = \text{Initial gas formation volume factor, rb/scf} \end{aligned} \]
The total pore volume (in rb) of the reservoir is:
- GATE PE - 2025
- Reservoir and channel routing
- The eigenvalues of the matrix \[ A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 1 \\ -1 & 5 & -1 \\ 1 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \] are \(\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3\). The value of \(\lambda_1 \lambda_2 \lambda_3 (\lambda_1 + \lambda_2 + \lambda_3)\) is:
- GATE PE - 2025
- Eigenvalues
A stationary tank is cylindrical in shape with two hemispherical ends and is horizontal, as shown in the figure. \(R\) is the radius of the cylinder as well as of the hemispherical ends. The tank is half filled with an oil of density \(\rho\) and the rest of the space in the tank is occupied by air. The air pressure, inside the tank as well as outside it, is atmospheric. The acceleration due to gravity (\(g\)) acts vertically downward. The net horizontal force applied by the oil on the right hemispherical end (shown by the bold outline in the figure) is:
- GATE PE - 2025
- Integration
- If a function \(f(x)\) is continuous in the closed interval \([a, b]\) and the first derivative \(f'(x)\) exists in the open interval \((a, b)\), then according to the Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem: \[ \frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a} = f'(c) \] If \(a = 0, b = 1.5\), and \(f(x) = x(x - 1)(x - 2)\), then the value(s) of \(c\) in \([a, b]\) is/are:
- GATE PE - 2025
- Mean value theorems