Question

Which of the following is a pioneer species in primary succession on rocks?

• A. Ferns
• B. Lichens
• C. Mosses
• D. Algae

Hint:

Lichens are rock pioneers! They break down rocks to create soil for future plants.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To solve the problem, we need to understand what pioneer species are and which species typically start the process of primary succession on bare rocks.

1. Understanding Primary Succession:

- Primary succession is the natural process of ecological recovery that occurs in an area where no life previously existed, such as bare rocks after a volcanic eruption.
- Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize such lifeless areas.
- These species help create soil and conditions suitable for other plants and animals to follow.

2. Characteristics of Pioneer Species on Rocks:

- Pioneer species must be able to survive harsh conditions like extreme temperatures and lack of soil.
- They help break down the rocks and accumulate organic material to form soil.

3. Analysis of Options:

• Ferns: Require some soil to grow, so they appear later in succession.
• Lichens: A symbiotic association between fungi and algae, capable of surviving on bare rocks.
  They can break down rocks chemically and physically to form soil.
• Mosses: Also need some moisture and thin soil, usually follow lichens in succession.
• Algae: Mostly aquatic; not typically pioneer species on rocks.

Final Answer:

The pioneer species in primary succession on rocks is lichens.