Question

Which of the following event(s) occur(s) during translation in prokaryotes?

• A. ( tRNA binding to the start codon of mRNA on the 30s subunit of ribosome )
• B. ( Anticodon of tRNA binding to the start codon of mRNA on the 50s subunit of ribosome )
• C. ( The ribosome continues to move along the mRNA to add new amino acids to the polypeptide )
• D. ( The polypeptide is released when the ribosome reaches the stop codon )

Hint:

Understanding the roles of different ribosomal subunits and the sequence of events in translation can aid in comprehending how proteins are synthesized within cells, which is crucial for genetic and medical research.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The process of translation in prokaryotes involves several key steps where the ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and tRNA play critical roles. Analysis of Each Option: (A) Correct: The initiator tRNA binds to the start codon of the mRNA, which is usually AUG, on the 30s subunit of the ribosome. This event is critical for the initiation of protein synthesis. (B) Incorrect: The anticodon of tRNA binds to the mRNA start codon on the 30s subunit, not the 50s subunit. The 50s subunit is involved in the peptidyl transferase activity, not the initiation of translation. (C) Correct: Once initiated, the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, catalyzing the addition of new amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. This occurs through the elongation cycle of translation. (D) Correct: Translation concludes when the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA. At this point, release factors promote the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain from the ribosome. Conclusion:
Explanation: Options (A), (C), and (D) accurately describe events that are essential components of the translation process in prokaryotes, covering the initiation, elongation, and termination phases respectively.