Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?
Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?
Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, NADP synthase
Proton pump, electron gradient, ATP synthase
Proton pump, electron gradient, NADP synthase
Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
In the process of chemiosmosis, a key step in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, a particular set of components is required to synthesize ATP via the transfer of protons across a membrane. This involves:
- Membrane: Acts as a barrier to separate different regions and maintain a proton gradient.
- Proton Pump: Transports protons (H+) across the membrane, using energy from electron transport to create a gradient.
- Proton Gradient: A concentration difference of protons across the membrane that stores potential energy.
- ATP Synthase: An enzyme that utilizes the energy from protons moving down their gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The correct combination required for chemiosmosis is: Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase.
Approach Solution -2
Chemiosmosis is a process that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration and in the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis. It involves the movement of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane through a proton pump (such as the electron transport chain) to establish a proton gradient. This gradient is then utilized by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Therefore, The correct option is (D): Membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase
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Concepts Used:
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Processes Of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants:
Photosynthesis in higher plants involves the following processes:
- Light Reaction
- Dark Reaction
Light Reaction:
- This phenomenon occurs in the presence of light.
- The pigment absorbs light and produces energy in the form of ATP.
- The process involves- absorption of light, water splitting, the release of oxygen, and formation of ATP and NADPH.
Dark Reaction:
This process occurs in the absence of light in the stroma of the chloroplasts. The following cycles are involved in the process:
- Calvin Cycle (C3 Cycle)
- C4 Cycle (Hatch and Slack Pathway)