Marine ecosystems encompass about 71% of the Earth's surface, holding approximately 97% of the world's water. These ecosystems contribute significantly to the planet's total net primary production, accounting for 32% of it. Depending on factors such as water depth and shoreline characteristics, marine ecosystems can be categorized into various zones. The benthic zone, which encompasses substrates beneath the water's surface, provides habitat for numerous invertebrate species. Marine ecosystems host diverse classes of organisms, including brown algae, dinoflagellates, corals, cephalopods, echinoderms, and sharks. Additionally, the fishing industry relies heavily on marine ecosystems, as they serve as the primary source of commercial seafood harvested from wild populations.
So, the correct option is (C): Benthonic and brown algae
In the equation GPP - R = NPP
GPP is Gross Primary Productivity
NPP is Net Primary Productivity
R here is ________.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’ states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.
Statement II: In general, carnivores are more adversely affected by competition than herbivores.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
List I | List II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | Robert May | I | Species-Area relationship |
B | Alexander von Humboldt | II | Long term ecosystem experiment using out door plots |
C | Paul Ehrlich | III | Global species diversity at about 7 million |
D | David Tilman | IV | Rivet popper hypothesis |
List I | List II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | Mesozoic Era | I | Lower invertebrates |
B | Proterozoic Era | II | Fish & Amphibia |
C | Cenozoic Era | III | Birds & Reptiles |
D | Paleozoic Era | IV | Mammals |
An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organisms come in to interact with each other and the surrounding environment.
The structure of an ecosystem is distinguished by the organization of both biotic and abiotic components. This involves the distribution of energy in our environment. It also comprises the climatic conditions prevailing in that particular environment.
There are two main components of the structure of an ecosystem, namely:
The biotic and abiotic components are interconnected in an ecosystem. It is an open system where the energy and components can flow through the boundaries.