Question:

Which is a $32$-amino acid water soluble peptide hormone?

Updated On: Jun 14, 2022
  • Gastrin
  • Calcitonin
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Calcitonin is a $32$-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as $C$-cells) of the thyroid and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium $(Ca^{2+})$, opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone $(PTH)$. It has been found in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals, as its function is usually not significant in the regulation of normal calcium homeostasis.
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Concepts Used:

Chemical Coordination and Integration

The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.

Human Endocrine System:

The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.

The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.

Functions of Endocrine Glands:

  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
  • Ovary
  • Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract