The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the earliest urban cultures, which flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. It has many important archaeological sites, each with its unique characteristics.
Let's evaluate each option:
- Option 1: Lothal - Lothal is an important Harappan site known for its dockyard and its role as a port city. It was located near the Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat and is well-known for its advanced drainage system, but it is a site within the Harappan civilization rather than the capital or primary site. Thus, it's an important site but not the most significant in terms of its status as the origin of the civilization.
- Option 2: Harappa - Harappa is one of the most significant cities of the Harappan civilization and is located in present-day Pakistan. It is regarded as one of the main urban centers and has given the civilization its name. The site has extensive ruins, including city planning elements like streets, drainage systems, and large public baths, which makes it an example of a major Harappan site.
- Option 3: Mohenjo-Daro - Mohenjo-Daro is one of the best-preserved cities of the Harappan civilization, located in modern-day Pakistan. It is a major urban center that showcases the highly organized and sophisticated planning of the civilization, including well-laid streets, a central drainage system, and large public buildings. Mohenjo-Daro is recognized as one of the most significant and primary sites of the Harappan civilization.
- Option 4: Kalibangan - Kalibangan is another important site of the Harappan civilization, located in Rajasthan, India. While it is a significant archaeological site, it is not as widely recognized or as prominent as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in terms of its role as a major city of the civilization.
Conclusion:
Mohenjo-Daro is considered one of the most prominent and well-preserved cities of the Harappan civilization, with exceptional urban planning and infrastructure. Therefore, it stands out as the best example of a major Harappan civilization site.
Answer:
Option 3: Mohenjo-Daro