Question

When considering _________, accumulated evidence from several investigations increases our confidence that a causal relationship exists.

• A. the time order of occurrence of variables
• B. the role of evidence
• C. concomitant variation
• D. the elimination of other possible factors

Hint:

Concomitant variation = variables change together → stronger evidence of possible causality.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding concomitant variation.
- It refers to the extent to which changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable.
- Strong, consistent patterns across multiple studies increase confidence in causality.
Step 2: Why others are wrong.
- (a) Time order is important but is a separate criterion.
- (b) Role of evidence is too vague.
- (d) Elimination of other factors is another separate condition, not this one. \[ \boxed{(c)} \]