Question

What were two main challenges of India after independence ?

Hint:

A simple way to remember the initial challenges is through three words: Unity, Democracy, and Development. These were the core objectives outlined by the leaders of newly independent India.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
After gaining independence in 1947, India faced numerous formidable challenges that threatened its unity and survival as a sovereign nation.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation (Two Challenges):
Two of the main challenges India faced immediately after independence were:
1. The Challenge of Nation-Building and Unity: The first and most immediate challenge was to shape a diverse collection of provinces and over 500 princely states into a single, unified nation. This challenge was intensified by the trauma of Partition, which led to widespread violence and displacement. The task was to accommodate the vast diversity of languages, cultures, and religions within a democratic framework and prevent further division.
2. The Challenge of Establishing Democracy and Ensuring Development: The second challenge was to establish and sustain a democratic political system in a society with high levels of poverty and illiteracy. Alongside this, India had to pursue economic development and policies that would lift its vast population out of poverty, reduce inequality, and ensure the well-being of all citizens.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The two main challenges for India after independence were to build a unified nation out of immense diversity while dealing with the aftermath of Partition, and to establish a stable democracy while simultaneously pursuing economic development to eradicate poverty.