What sorts of information can you draw from the following reaction?
(CN)2(g)+2OH-(aq)\(\rightarrow\)CN-(aq)+CNO-(aq)+H2O(l)
(CN)2(g)+2OH-(aq)\(\rightarrow\)CN-(aq)+CNO-(aq)+H2O(l)
Solution and Explanation
The oxidation numbers of carbon in \((CN) _2\) , \(CN ^-\) and \(CNO ^-\) are \(+3\), \(+2\) and \(+4\) respectively. These are obtained as shown below:
Let the oxidation number of \(C\) be \(x\).
\((CN)_2 \)
\(2(x - 3) = 0\)
\(\therefore\) \(x = 3\)
\(CN ^-\)
\(x - 3 = -1\)
\(\therefore\) \(x = 2\)
\(CNO ^-\)
\(x - 3 - 2 = -1\)
\(\therefore\) \(x = 4\)
The oxidation number of carbon in the various species is:
\(\bigg(\overset{+3}{C}N\bigg)_2(g)+2OH^−_{(aq)}\rightarrow \overset{+2}CN^-_{(aq )}+\overset{+4}CNO^−_{(aq)}+H_2O_{(l)}\)
It can be easily observed that the same compound is being reduced and oxidised simultaneously in the given equation. Reactions in which the same compound is reduced and oxidised is known as disproportionation reactions.
Thus, it can be said that the alkaline decomposition of cyanogen is an example of disproportionation reaction.
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Concepts Used:
Redox Reactions
Redox Reaction:
Redox reactions are chemical reactions where oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. In this type of reaction, there is a gain of electrons for one chemical species while the other loses electrons or simply involves transfer of electrons. The species that loses electrons is oxidized while the one that gains electrons is reduced.
Types of Redox Reactions:
Redox reactions can be differentiated into 4 categories namely combination reactions, decomposition reactions, displacement reactions, and disproportionation reactions. Each is explained separately below:
Combination Reaction:
In this, the molecules combine to form new compounds. For example, when magnesium reacts to nitrogen.
Decomposition Reaction:
Opposite to the combination reaction, here there is a breakdown of compounds to simpler substances. For example, electrolysis of water.
Displacement Reaction:
In this, the more reactive metal will displace the less reactive one in a chemical reaction. The reactivity of an element is represented in a series called the reactivity series (arranged in decreasing order of reactivity) which makes it easier to determine the chemical reaction and its products.
Disproportionation Reaction:
This is a peculiar type of reaction where an element showing a particular oxidation state will be oxidized and reduced simultaneously. Another thing to note is that these reactions will always have an element that can exhibit three oxidation states.