Question:

What is the number of free electrons present on each carbon atom in graphite?

Updated On: Aug 15, 2024

Zero
3
2
1

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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Graphite has a two dimensional structure. In this case only three of the four valence electrons of each carbon atom are involved in bonding. Thus, each carbon atom makes use of

s{{p}^{2}}-

hybrid orbitals. Hence, the fourth valency of each carbon atom remains unsatisfied i.e., the fourth valency electron remains unpaired or free. This free electron can easily move from one carbon atom to another under the influence of applied potential. So, in structure of graphite only one electron is free on each carbon atom.

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Concepts Used:

Group 14 Elements

The group 14 elements are also known as the carbon group. Sometimes it is also called crystallogens. The group 14 elements can be found on the right side of the periodic table. The elements of the carbon group are:

Carbon - C
Silicon - Si
Germanium - Ge
Tin - Sn
Lead - Pb
Flerovium - FI

The group 14 elements or the carbon family belongs to the p-block of the periodic table. The carbon group is also the second group in the p-block.

Electronic Configuration:

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of a molecule or atom is known as electronic configuration. The general electronic configuration of the group 14 elements is ns²np².

All group 14 elements have 4 electrons in the outer shell. Hence, the valency of the carbon family or group 14 elements is 4.

Properties of Group 14 Elements:

Covalent Radii
Ionization Enthalpy
Electronegativity
Metallic Character
Density
Four Covalent Compounds
The Melting and Boiling Points