The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This dispute is centered around the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which, although legally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, is predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians who sought independence or unification with Armenia. The history of the conflict traces back to the early 20th century but escalated notably towards the late 1980s when the region’s ethnic Armenian majority demanded to join Armenia, leading to armed conflict. Despite a ceasefire in 1994, the region has seen numerous flare-ups, with the most recent significant conflict occurring in late 2020. The situation remains a complex geopolitical issue involving historical grievances, national identity, and regional power dynamics.