What is the maximum concentration of equimolar solutions of ferrous sulphate and sodium sulphide so that when mixed in equal volumes, there is no precipitation of iron sulphide? (For iron sulphide, Ksp = 6.3 × 10–18).
Solution and Explanation
Let the maximum concentration of each solution be x mol/L. After mixing, the volume of the concentrations of each solution will be reduced to half i.e., \(\frac{x}{2}\)
∴ [FeSO4] = [Na2S] =\(\frac{x}{2}\) M
Then, [Fe2+] = [FeSO4] =\(\frac{x}{2}\)M
Also, [S2-] = [Na2S] =\(\frac{X}{2}\) M
FeS(s) \(\leftrightarrow\) Fe2+ (aq) + S2-(aq)
Ksp = [Fe2+][S2-] = 6.3 × 10-18 = (\(\frac{x}{2}\))(\(\frac{x}{2}\)) = \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) = 6.3 × 10-18
⇒ x = 5.02 × 10-9
If the concentrations of both solutions are equal to or less than 5.02×10-9 M, then there will be no precipitation of iron sulfide.
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Concepts Used:
Equilibrium Constant
The equilibrium constant may be defined as the ratio between the product of the molar concentrations of the products to that of the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants with each concentration term raised to a power equal to the stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical reaction.
The equilibrium constant at a given temperature is the ratio of the rate constant of forwarding and backward reactions.
Equilibrium Constant Formula:
Kequ = kf/kb = [C]c [D]d/[A]a [B]b = Kc
where Kc, indicates the equilibrium constant measured in moles per litre.
For reactions involving gases: The equilibrium constant formula, in terms of partial pressure will be:
Kequ = kf/kb = [[pC]c [pD]d]/[[pA]a [pB]b] = Kp
Where Kp indicates the equilibrium constant formula in terms of partial pressures.
- Larger Kc/Kp values indicate higher product formation and higher percentage conversion.
- Lower Kc/Kp values indicate lower product formation and lower percentage conversion.
Medium Kc/Kp values indicate optimum product formation.
Units of Equilibrium Constant:
The equilibrium constant is the ratio of the concentrations raised to the stoichiometric coefficients. Therefore, the unit of the equilibrium constant = [Mole L-1]△n.
where, ∆n = sum of stoichiometric coefficients of products – a sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants.