Comprehension

What is the action of the following on ethyl bromide ?
(a) silver nitrite
(b) Mg in dry ether 
(c) alcoholic sodium hydroxide

Question: 1

Silver Nitrite

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Silver nitrite favors the formation of alkyl nitrites \( (R-ONO) \), whereas alkali metal nitrites \( (\text{NaNO}_2) \) form alkyl nitro compounds \( (R-NO_2) \).
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

When ethyl bromide reacts with silver nitrite (\(\text{AgNO}_2\)), ethyl nitrite is formed due to the ambident nature of the nitrite ion. \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{AgNO}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{ONO} + \text{AgBr} \]
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Question: 2

Magnesium in Dry Ether

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Grignard reagents \( (R-MgBr) \) are highly reactive and can be used for nucleophilic addition reactions with carbonyl compounds.
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Ethyl bromide reacts with magnesium in dry ether to form an ethyl magnesium bromide (Grignard reagent). \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{Mg} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{MgBr} \]
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Question: 3

Alcoholic Sodium Hydroxide

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Alcoholic NaOH promotes elimination (E2) reactions, forming alkenes, whereas aqueous NaOH promotes nucleophilic substitution (SN2).
Updated On: Mar 4, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Ethyl bromide undergoes dehydrohalogenation in the presence of alcoholic sodium hydroxide (\(\text{NaOH}\)), leading to the formation of ethene. \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{alc. NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{HBr} \]
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