Question

What is Non-alignment ? Why is it useful ?

Hint:

Remember that Non-alignment does not mean being neutral. Neutrality is a passive stance, while non-alignment was an active and dynamic policy of making independent judgments on global issues.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Non-alignment was a foreign policy doctrine followed by a large number of newly independent countries during the Cold War. It was institutionalized through the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
What is Non-alignment?
Non-alignment was the policy of not formally aligning with or against either of the two superpower blocs—the USA (capitalist bloc) and the USSR (communist bloc)—during the Cold War. It was a policy of strategic independence, allowing a country to decide on international issues on its own merits rather than on the basis of its allegiance to a major power. It was not a policy of neutrality or isolationism, but an active and independent stance in world affairs.
Why is it useful?
Non-alignment was useful for newly independent countries for several reasons:
1. Maintaining Sovereignty: It allowed these nations to protect their hard-won freedom and pursue an independent foreign policy without being dictated to by superpowers.
Promoting Peace: The Non-Aligned Movement played a crucial role in reducing Cold War tensions and acting as a mediator between the two rival blocs, thereby contributing to world peace.
Focusing on Development: By staying out of military alliances, these countries could focus their limited resources on their own economic and social development instead of on military buildups.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Non-alignment was a Cold War policy of strategic independence from the two superpower blocs. It was useful as it enabled countries to protect their sovereignty, mediate in international conflicts, and focus on their own development.