Question

What is meant by non-alignment? Is it any longer relevant in determining present Indian foreign policy?

Hint:

Define non-alignment, explain its origins, and show how its principles still guide India’s flexible foreign policy.

Answer 1

Non-alignment refers to a foreign policy stance where a country does not formally align itself with any major power bloc during periods of geopolitical tension, such as the Cold War. India, under the leadership of Jawahar lal Nehru, was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961, advocating for independence, peace, and development.
In the present context, the relevance of non-alignment in Indian foreign policy is debated. While the Cold War era’s bipolar world has ended, the principles of non-alignmentsuch as strategic autonomy, peaceful coexis tence, and multilateralismcontinue to influence India’s foreign policy. India maintains strategic partnerships with multiple countries, including the United States, Russia, and members of the European Union, without formally aligning with any single bloc.
However, the rise of new global powers and shifting geopolitical dynamics have led India to adopt a more prag matic approach. Issues like economic growth, security concerns, and climate change require flexible and dynamic foreign policy strategies. India’s participation in forums like the Quad (with the US, Japan, and Australia) reflects this pragmatic shift.
In conclusion, while the traditional concept of non-alignment has evolved, its core principles still resonate in India’s foreign policy. The emphasis on strategic autonomy and multilateral cooperation remains relevant in addressing contemporary global challenges.