Question

What is meant by age structure of population?

Hint:

The age structure of a population is often represented through a population pyramid, which visually shows the proportion of different age groups in a country.

Answer 1

Age structure of population refers to the classification and distribution of people into different age groups within a country or region at a particular point of time. It shows how many people belong to the young, adult, and old age categories. In other words, it helps us understand the composition of a population based on age.
The age structure is generally divided into three broad groups:

• 
  Pre-reproductive Age Group (0–14 years): This group includes children who are not yet capable of reproduction. They are economically dependent on the working population for their basic needs such as food, education, and healthcare. A large proportion in this category usually indicates future population growth.
• 
  Reproductive or Working Age Group (15–59 years): This group consists of adults who are capable of working and earning. They contribute to the economic development of the country and support both the young and the elderly population. A higher percentage in this group is considered beneficial for economic growth.
• 
  Post-reproductive Age Group (60 years and above): This group includes elderly people who are generally not economically active. They depend on the working population for support. A higher proportion in this group indicates an ageing population.

The age structure is important because it helps in planning for schools, employment opportunities, healthcare facilities, pensions, and other social services. It also indicates whether a population is growing, stable, or declining. For example, a population with a broad base in its age pyramid (more children) shows rapid growth, while a narrow base indicates slow or negative growth.
Therefore, age structure is a key demographic indicator that helps governments and policymakers in making economic and social development plans.