Question

What is blood pressure?
Give the name of the instrument which is used to measure the blood pressure.
Differentiate between an artery and a vein with reference to lumen and thickness of wall.

Hint:

Blood pressure reflects cardiovascular health; arteries have robust walls for high pressure, veins have wider lumens for low pressure.

Answer 1

i. Blood Pressure: The force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, primarily arteries, measured as systolic (during heart contraction) and diastolic (during heart relaxation) pressures, typically in mmHg.

ii. Instrument: Sphygmomanometer

iii. Differentiation:

Feature	Artery	Vein
Lumen	Narrow, smaller diameter	Wider, larger diameter
Thickness of Wall	Thicker, with more muscle and elastic tissue	Thinner, with less muscle and elastic tissue

Answer: i. Force of blood on vessel walls; ii. Sphygmomanometer; iii. Artery: narrow lumen, thick wall; Vein: wide lumen, thin wall.