Question:

What is Bakhar? Explain the different types of Bakhars in detail.

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Remember: Bakhars are narrative prose chronicles that combine history, literature, and folklore — a key source for studying Maratha history.
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Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Definition of Bakhar.
A Bakhar is a form of historical narrative literature written in the Marathi language. It is a prose chronicle that records historical events, especially those related to the Maratha period. The word "Bakhar" is derived from the Persian word “Khabar,” meaning “news” or “account.”
Step 2: Historical Background.
Bakhars emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries in Maharashtra. They were written by court writers, soldiers, or officials who described political, military, and social events of their time. These works hold immense value for understanding the Maratha Empire, its rulers, and regional history.
Step 3: Types of Bakhars.
There are mainly three types of Bakhars based on their content and purpose:
  • (a) Historical Bakhars: These narrate real historical events, such as wars, treaties, and political developments. Examples include Sabhasad Bakhar, Panipatchi Bakhar, and Shivdigvijay Bakhar.
  • (b) Biographical Bakhars: These focus on the lives and deeds of kings and great personalities. For instance, the Shivaji Charitra Bakhar presents the life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
  • (c) Mythological or Religious Bakhars: These mix historical facts with legends and religious elements, offering moral lessons along with historical narrative.
Step 4: Importance of Bakhars.
  • Bakhars are valuable sources of Maratha history and culture.
  • They reflect the literary style, language, and socio-political mindset of medieval Maharashtra.
  • Although some include exaggerations, they provide insight into local traditions and perspectives.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, Bakhars are unique Marathi historical texts that serve as both literature and historical documentation, shedding light on the Maratha period and its heroes.
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