Question

What do you understand by Varna system?

Hint:

Varna system = Fourfold division of society (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras). Initially based on duties and qualities, but later became birth-based, leading to caste divisions.

Answer 1

The Varna system was the social classification that emerged in ancient India during the Vedic period. It was a way of organizing society into different groups based on duties (\textit{dharma}), professions, and responsibilities. The system was originally not rigid and was based more on qualities and work rather than birth, but later it became hereditary and gave rise to the caste system.
According to the Varna system, society was divided into four broad groups:
1. Brahmins:
They were priests, teachers, and scholars responsible for performing religious rituals, preserving sacred knowledge, and guiding society in spiritual and moral matters. They held the highest status in society.
2. Kshatriyas:
They were warriors and rulers who protected the land and governed the people. Their duty was to defend the country and uphold justice.
3. Vaishyas:
They were traders, farmers, and artisans engaged in economic activities. Their contribution was vital for agriculture, trade, and commerce.
4. Shudras:
They were laborers and service providers. Their main role was to assist the other three varnas by performing various tasks and services.
In its ideal form, the Varna system was meant to maintain social harmony and division of labor. However, over time, it became rigid and hierarchical, which led to social discrimination and inequality.