Question

What do you understand by electromagnetic induction? State Faraday’s laws regarding electromagnetic induction.

Hint:

Electromagnetic induction is the basic working principle behind generators, transformers, and many electrical machines.

Answer 1

Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating an electromotive force (emf) or current in a conductor when the magnetic flux linked with it changes. This phenomenon was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction:
First Law:
Whenever the magnetic flux through a circuit changes, an emf is induced in the circuit. If the circuit is closed, a current is also induced.
Second Law:
The magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit. \[ \text{Induced emf} (\varepsilon) = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt} \] Where:

\(\Phi\) is the magnetic flux,
\(\frac{d\Phi}{dt}\) is the rate of change of magnetic flux,
The negative sign indicates the direction of induced emf (Lenz's Law).