What do the symbols given below represent in an electric circuit? Write one function of each.
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An ammeter measures current in amperes and is connected in series, while a resistor controls the flow of current in a circuit and is connected in series or parallel as needed.
In an electric circuit, several symbols are used to represent different components. Let us explain the two given symbols:
(i) Symbol of an Ammeter:
The first symbol represents an ammeter. The ammeter is a device used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit.
Working of an Ammeter:
- An ammeter is connected in series with the circuit because the current remains the same through all series components.
- It measures the flow of charge (the current) in amperes (A).
- The ammeter is designed to have very low resistance, ideally zero, so that it does not interfere with the flow of current in the circuit.
Function of the Ammeter:
The function of an ammeter is to measure the amount of current flowing through a circuit. The reading is displayed on the ammeter in amperes (A).
(ii) Symbol of a Resistor:
The second symbol represents a resistor. A resistor is a passive component used in circuits to resist or limit the flow of electric current.
Working of a Resistor:
- A resistor works on the principle of Ohm's law, which states that the current \( I \) through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference \( V \) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance \( R \).
\[
V = IR
\]
- The resistor converts electrical energy into heat and is used to control the amount of current in various parts of the circuit.
Function of the Resistor:
The main function of a resistor is to limit or control the current flowing through the circuit. Resistors are used in voltage dividers, current limiters, and to protect sensitive components from high currents.
