Step 1: Understanding effective collisions.
- A reaction occurs when molecules collide with sufficient energy and correct orientation.
Step 2: Selecting the correct option.
Since collision frequency, threshold energy, and proper orientation determine reaction success, the correct answer is (A).
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: