Question

What are the causes of nocturnal enuresis?

Hint:

Secondary enuresis in children after a period of dryness warrants further evaluation for possible underlying causes like infection or stress.

Answer 1

Step 1: Causes of Nocturnal Enuresis.
The causes of nocturnal enuresis can be classified into primary and secondary causes.
(1) Primary Nocturnal Enuresis:
- Developmental Delay: Children may take longer to develop control over their bladder, which can result in bedwetting beyond the typical age.
- Genetic Factors: Family history of enuresis is common, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
- Deep Sleep: Some children have a deep sleep pattern and may not wake up to the sensation of a full bladder.
(2) Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis:
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Infections can irritate the bladder, leading to bedwetting.
- Constipation: Large stool volumes can put pressure on the bladder, causing involuntary urination.
- Psychological Factors: Stressful events, such as parental separation or school-related anxiety, can trigger bedwetting.
- Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to polyuria and bedwetting.
- Sleep Apnea: Children with sleep apnea may wet the bed due to disrupted sleep cycles and inability to wake up to bladder fullness.