The causes of dispute between India and Pakistan primarily stem from historical, territorial, and religious conflicts. The partition of British India in 1947 created the two states on communal lines, leading to significant migration and violence. The core issue has been the contested region of Kashmir, claimed by both countries but divided by a de facto boundary, the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and conflicts have exacerbated the tensions, along with issues like water sharing from common rivers and political rivalry.