Question

What are the causes of apnea in a newborn?

Hint:

Identifying and addressing the underlying cause of apnea is essential for effective treatment and management.

Answer 1

The causes of apnea in a newborn can be broadly classified into three categories: respiratory, central, and metabolic causes.
Step 1: Respiratory Causes:
1. Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): Insufficient surfactant production in premature infants can cause lung collapse and inadequate oxygenation, leading to apnea.
2. Infections: Respiratory infections, such as sepsis or pneumonia, can cause apnea by affecting the respiratory system.
Step 2: Central Causes:
1. Immaturity of Respiratory Centers: Premature infants have underdeveloped brainstem respiratory centers, leading to irregular breathing patterns.
2. Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as intraventricular hemorrhage or brain malformations may impair respiratory regulation.
Step 3: Metabolic Causes:
1. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels can result in apnea, especially in premature or sick infants.
2. Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of sodium, calcium, or potassium can cause irregular respiratory control.