Question

What are the causal organisms of typhoid and pneumonia? Give their symptoms.

Hint:

For typhoid, look out for fever and abdominal discomfort, and for pneumonia, focus on respiratory symptoms like cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Answer 1

1. Typhoid:
The causal organism of typhoid is the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (commonly referred to as Salmonella Typhi).
Symptoms of Typhoid:
- High fever (often spiking at 39–40°C)
- Weakness and fatigue
- Abdominal pain and discomfort
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Rash (rose spots) on the abdomen
- Headaches and muscle aches
- In severe cases, it can lead to complications like intestinal perforation.
2. Pneumonia:
Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common bacterial causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
Symptoms of Pneumonia:
- High fever and chills
- Cough with greenish or yellow sputum (sometimes blood-streaked)
- Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
- Chest pain, often worsening with coughing or deep breathing
- Fatigue and general weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some cases.