Question

What are harmonics and overtones (Two points)?

Hint:

Harmonics are always integral multiples; overtones depend on the system and may not be harmonic.

Answer 1

Harmonics:
1. Harmonics are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating system (e.g., \( f, 2f, 3f, \ldots \)).
2. They represent the natural modes of vibration in systems like strings or air columns.
Overtone:
1. Overtones are frequencies higher than the fundamental frequency, numbered sequentially (first overtone is \( 2f \), second is \( 3f \), etc.).
2. They may or may not be integral multiples, depending on the system (e.g., non-harmonic in some cases).
Answer: Harmonics are integral multiples of fundamental frequency; overtones are higher frequencies, numbered sequentially.