Caste and gender are significant factors contributing to inequality in India. The caste system, a hierarchical social structure based on hereditary roles and occupations, has historically perpetuated social and economic disparities. Similarly, gender-based discrimination continues to be a major issue, with women facing inequalities in education, employment, and social opportunities.
Here's why the other options are incorrect:
- Option (1): Caste and gender: This is the correct answer, as both caste and gender play crucial roles in creating and maintaining inequalities in Indian society. The caste system leads to social stratification, while gender discrimination affects access to resources, education, and opportunities.
- Option (2): People's religion: While religious differences can contribute to social tensions and conflicts, they are not the primary drivers of systemic inequality in India. Religion is often intertwined with caste and gender issues but is not the main cause of inequality.
- Option (3): Dignity: Dignity is an important human value, but it is not a direct cause of inequality. Instead, dignity is something that should be promoted to address and reduce inequality.
- Option (4): Monetary status: While economic disparities (monetary status) are a result of inequality, they are not the root cause. Factors like caste and gender often lead to economic inequalities, making them more fundamental causes of inequality.
Answer: $\boxed{\text{Caste and gender}}$