Step 1: Understanding the definition of "land" under the Land Acquisition Act.
Under the Land Acquisition Act, the term "land" is defined broadly to include not just the surface land, but also the benefits arising from it and things attached to it.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (a) Benefits to arise out of land: This refers to profits, rights, or other economic benefits derived from land.
- (b) Things attached to the earth: This includes permanent fixtures on land.
- (c) Things permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth: This includes structures like buildings and trees.
- (d) All of the above: This is the correct answer as all the components mentioned fall under the definition of land.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) All of the above.