Question

Ultrasound in evaluation of thyroid nodule.

Hint:

Use ultrasound as the first-line imaging technique for evaluating thyroid nodules. Pay attention to the shape, borders, and internal structure to assess malignancy risk.

Answer 1

Step 1: Introduction to Ultrasound in Thyroid Evaluation.
Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality widely used for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. It helps to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules based on characteristics like size, shape, borders, and internal features. Doppler ultrasound can also assess blood flow within the nodule.

Step 2: Key Features on Ultrasound.
- Benign nodules: These tend to be well-defined, with smooth borders, and often have a spongiform appearance.
- Malignant nodules: These are typically hypoechoic (darker) with irregular borders, microcalcifications, and possibly a central vascular pattern. The presence of enlarged lymph nodes may also be observed.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Ultrasound is an essential tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules as it provides real-time, detailed images to guide clinical decisions, particularly in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.