Two electrons in the same atomic orbital can be distinguished by their
- principal quantum number
- azimuthal quantum number
- magnetic quantum number
- spin quantum number
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Answer: Option 4: spin quantum number
Explanation:
According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of all four quantum numbers. When two electrons occupy the same atomic orbital, they share the same:
- Principal quantum number (n): same energy level
- Azimuthal quantum number (l): same subshell (s, p, d, f)
- Magnetic quantum number (ml): same orbital orientation
The only quantum number that differs between them is the spin quantum number (ms), which can have values of +½ or –½. This opposite spin allows both electrons to exist in the same orbital.
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Concepts Used:
Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Quantum Mechanics:
Quantum mechanics is an evolving and much-advanced field of science that aims at understanding the properties of matter and objects in relation to their corresponding atomic and sub-atomic nature. It further illustrates the characteristics of the atoms, protons, electrons, and neutrons specifically and in the context of each other. It aims at studying electromagnetic radiation as well. This is a sub-part of the wider theory of quantum physics.
Read Also: Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
Quantum Mechanical Models:
Presently, the scientific world has only two acceptable and working models of quantum mechanics. Such as,
- The first model for the understanding and application of quantum mechanics that is acceptable currently is the Bohr Model.
The basis of this model of the Bohr is seen in terms of mathematics which is used for understanding the complex structures.
- Another acceptable model is the Quantum Mechanics Model which has its basis in quantum theory.
This quantum theory ultimately defines the exact properties of matter over a period of time. It usually works on the uncertainty principle.