Question

Tropical regions account for greater biological diversity because of the following reasons, except:

• A. Higher productivity due to more availability of solar energy
• B. Lower predation due to diversity of food availability
• C. Tropics are less seasonal and relatively more constant and predictable
• D. These latitudes are relatively undisturbed for many years, leading to a long evolutionary time for diversification

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Tropical regions are known for their high biological diversity due to several factors. Understanding these reasons is critical for grasping the complexities of ecosystems in these areas. 

1. Higher Productivity: Tropical regions receive abundant solar energy, which fuels photosynthesis, leading to higher productivity. This means more biomass production, which supports a diverse range of species.

2. Climate Stability: The tropics experience less seasonal variation compared to other regions. This constancy and predictability in climate provide stable conditions that allow various species to thrive and adapt over long periods.

3. Long Evolutionary Time: These areas have been relatively undisturbed by major climatic changes for millions of years. This allows for extensive evolutionary diversification, as species have had prolonged periods to adapt and evolve.

The exception here is:

Lower Predation: The statement that lower predation due to the diversity of food availability contributes to greater biological diversity is incorrect. While diverse food sources can support a variety of species, it does not directly correlate to reduced predation. In fact, higher diversity may increase the number of predators due to the availability of various prey.

Answer 2

Let's evaluate each statement:

(1) Higher productivity due to more availability of solar energy: This is correct. Tropical regions receive more sunlight year-round, leading to higher productivity in terms of plant growth and, consequently, greater biological diversity.

(2) Lower predation due to diversity of food availability: This is incorrect. While tropical regions have a high diversity of species and food sources, they are not characterized by lower predation. In fact, due to the high species diversity and abundance, predation can be intense and varied in these ecosystems. The abundance of food does not necessarily lead to lower predation.

(3) Tropics are less seasonal and relatively more constant and predictable: This is correct. Tropical regions experience less seasonal variation in climate, with temperatures remaining relatively stable throughout the year. This consistency provides a stable environment for the evolution of diverse species.

(4) These latitudes are relatively undisturbed for many years, leading to a long evolutionary time for diversification: This is correct. The tropical regions have been relatively stable over evolutionary time, allowing for the accumulation of species and the development of greater biodiversity.

Thus, the statement that is incorrect is (2) Lower predation due to diversity of food availability, as predation can be high in tropical ecosystems despite the abundance of food.

The correct answer is (2) Lower predation due to diversity of food availability.