Question

Transposons are:

• A. Housekeeping genes
• B. Jumping genes
• C. Transporting genes
• D. Stationary genes

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Transposons, often referred to as "jumping genes," are DNA sequences capable of changing their position within the genome. This movement can occur within the same chromosome or between different chromosomes. The ability of transposons to move is significant because it can cause mutations, change the function of genes, and contribute to genetic diversity. Unlike housekeeping genes, which are essential for basic cellular functions and remain constant, transposons are dynamic and can cause variability in the genome.

Transposons are classified into two main types: 

• DNA Transposons: These transpose directly as DNA.
• Retrotransposons: These transpose via an RNA intermediate, with the RNA being reverse-transcribed back to DNA before being inserted into a new genomic location.

The movement of transposons is facilitated by enzymes such as transposase (for DNA transposons) and reverse transcriptase (for retrotransposons). Their capacity to move and integrate into different genomic locations can have varied effects, sometimes beneficial by introducing genetic diversity or detrimental by disrupting vital genes.

This dynamic nature distinguishes transposons from other types of genes mentioned, such as:

• Housekeeping genes: Genes essential for the maintenance of basic cellular function.
• Transporting genes: Hypothetical category not typically used in biological terminology regarding gene movement.
• Stationary genes: Genes that remain in a fixed position in the genome.

Hence, the correct answer is: Jumping genes.

Answer 2

Transposons, also known as "jumping genes", are segments of DNA that have the ability to move or "jump" from one location to another within the genome. They can integrate into different parts of the genome, which may result in mutations or changes in gene expression. This ability to move is why they are often referred to as jumping genes.

Here’s the breakdown of the other options:

(1) Housekeeping genes: These are genes that are essential for the basic functioning of the cell and are typically expressed in all cells. They are not related to transposons.

(3) Transporting genes: This term does not accurately describe transposons. While transposons "move," they do not "transport" genes in the traditional sense.

(4) Stationary genes: This term is not relevant to transposons. Transposons are defined by their ability to move, not by being stationary.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) Jumping genes.