Question

Tracheobronchitis.

Hint:

Tracheobronchitis is often viral in origin, and most cases improve with symptomatic treatment, although bacterial cases may require antibiotics.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Tracheobronchitis.
Tracheobronchitis is an inflammation of both the trachea (windpipe) and the bronchi (the large airways of the lungs). It is often caused by viral infections like the common cold or influenza, though bacterial infections can also be a cause.

Step 2: Causes and Pathophysiology.
Tracheobronchitis is typically caused by viral infections, but can also result from bacterial infections or irritants like smoke and pollutants. The inflammation causes swelling, increased mucus production, and narrowing of the airways, which can lead to coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

Step 3: Symptoms and Diagnosis.
Common symptoms include cough (with or without sputum), sore throat, fever, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms, but imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans may be used to rule out other conditions.

Step 4: Treatment.
Treatment is usually symptomatic and may include rest, fluids, and the use of cough suppressants, expectorants, or bronchodilators. If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed, although most cases are viral and self-limiting.