Question

Thromboelastogram (TEG).

Hint:

TEG is a useful tool for monitoring blood coagulation status during surgery or in trauma cases, allowing for more tailored interventions.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Thromboelastogram (TEG).
A thromboelastogram (TEG) is a diagnostic test that evaluates the efficiency of blood coagulation. Unlike traditional clotting tests (e.g., PT/INR), TEG provides a real-time assessment of the clotting process, from initial formation to clot dissolution. It measures several parameters that assess the blood’s ability to form and dissolve clots.

Step 2: Key Parameters in TEG.
TEG measures the following parameters:

R (reaction time): The time it takes for the clot to begin forming after the initiation of coagulation.
K (clot formation time): The time it takes for the clot to reach a fixed level of firmness.
α angle: The angle of the TEG curve that reflects the speed of clot formation.
MA (maximum amplitude): The maximum strength of the clot.
LY30: The percentage of clot lysis 30 minutes after MA is reached.

Step 3: Clinical Applications.
TEG is useful in assessing coagulation during:

Surgical procedures: To guide transfusion therapy and monitor clotting status during complex surgeries.
Trauma management: To evaluate bleeding and guide management of hemorrhagic shock.
Coagulation disorders: To monitor patients with bleeding or thrombotic disorders, including liver disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Step 4: Conclusion.
TEG offers a comprehensive evaluation of clot formation, stability, and dissolution, providing valuable real-time information for managing bleeding and coagulation in critical care settings.