Question:

Three wires of equal lengths are bent in the form of loops. One of the loops is a circle, another is a semi-circle and the third one is a square. They are placed in a uniform magnetic field and the same electric current is passed through them. Which of the following loop configuration will experience greater torque?

Updated On: Jun 13, 2025
  • Circle
  • Semi-circle
  • Square
  • All of them
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

To determine which wire loop configuration experiences greater torque when placed in a uniform magnetic field with an electric current flowing through them, we need to consider the formula for torque (τ) on a current-carrying loop in a magnetic field:

τ = nIAB sin(θ)

Where:

  • n = number of turns of the loop (which is 1 in this case since it's a single loop)
  • I = current passing through the loop
  • A = area of the loop
  • B = magnetic field strength
  • θ = angle between the normal to the loop and the magnetic field (assuming θ=90° for maximum torque, so sin(θ)=1)

Given that the lengths of the wires are equal, we need to find the configuration that maximizes the area (A) since all other factors are constant.

Calculating Areas:

  • Circle: Given circumference = length = L, the radius r of the circle is L/2π. The area of the circle is:
    Acircle = πr2 = π(L/2π)2 = L2/4π
  • Semi-circle: When the wire is a semi-circle, half the perimeter is used to form a circle with radius r = L/π. The area is half that of a circle with this radius.
    Asemicircle = (1/2)×π(r2) = π(L/π)2/2 = L2/2π
  • Square: Each side of the square is L/4. Hence, the area is:
    Asquare = (L/4)2 = L2/16

Comparing the areas:

  • Acircle = L2/4π
  • Asemicircle = L2/2π
  • Asquare = L2/16

Since 4π ≈ 12.57, Acircle > Asemicircle > Asquare. Therefore, the circular loop experiences the greatest torque.

The correct answer is: Circle

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Concepts Used:

Magnetism & Matter

Magnets are used in many devices like electric bells, telephones, radio, loudspeakers, motors, fans, screwdrivers, lifting heavy iron loads, super-fast trains, especially in foreign countries, refrigerators, etc.

Magnetite is the world’s first magnet. This is also called a natural magnet.  Though magnets occur naturally, we can also impart magnetic properties to a substance. It would be an artificial magnet in that case.

Read More: Magnetism and Matter

Some of the properties of the magnetic field lines are:

  • The lines and continuous and outside the magnet, the field lines originate from the North pole and terminate at the South pole
  • They form closed loops traversing inside the magnet. 
  • But here the lines seem to originate from the South pole and terminate at the North pole to form closed loops.
  • More number of close lines indicate a stronger magnetic field
  • The lines do not intersect each other
  • The tangent drawn at the field line gives the direction of the field at that point.