Step 1: Understanding traditional vs. fuzzy set theory.
- Traditional (crisp) set theory defines membership as either 0 (not a member) or 1 (member).
- Fuzzy set theory allows membership values between 0 and 1, representing degrees of membership.
Step 2: Selecting the correct option. Since traditional sets have discrete truth values (0 or 1) and fuzzy sets allow continuous values (between 0 and 1), the correct answer is a. Either 0 or 1, between 0 & 1.
A 4 × 4 digital image has pixel intensities (U) as shown in the figure. The number of pixels with \( U \leq 4 \) is:
A 4 × 4 digital image has pixel intensities (U) as shown in the figure. The number of pixels with \( U \leq 4 \) is:
The error matrix resulting from randomly selected test pixels for a classified image is given below.
The Producer’s accuracy of class 1 is % (rounded off to 1 decimal place).
Reference Data | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | ||
Classified Data | Class 1 | 320 | 8 | 7 | 3 |
Class 2 | 12 | 270 | 6 | 2 | |
Class 3 | 9 | 6 | 410 | 5 | |
Class 4 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 350 |
The brightness values of four pixels in the input image are shown in the table below. The image is rectified using nearest neighbor intensity interpolation, and the pixel at location (5, 4) in the output image is to be filled with the value from coordinate (5.3, 3.7) in the input image. The brightness value of the pixel at location (5, 4) in the rectified output image is 11. (Answer in integer)
Location of pixels in input image (Row, Column) | Brightness Value |
---|---|
(5, 3) | 9 |
(5, 4) | 11 |
(6, 3) | 14 |
(6, 4) | 12 |
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: