The term "gene" was introduced by:
- Mendel
- Bateson
- Morgan
- Johannsen
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
Ans. Wilhelm Johannsen was a geneticist, plant physiologist, and botanist from Denmark. He was a Copenhagen native. The word "gene" was originally used by him in his work "Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre." This phrase was developed in contrast to the pangene, which was then widely used and came from Darwin's idea of Pangenesis. He also created the words "genotype" and "phenotype."
- Genes are the essential physical and utilitarian unit of heredity and the genes are composed of DNA.
- A few genes are set about as guidelines to form atoms called proteins.
- Be that because it may, numerous genes don't code for proteins.
- In people, genes change in size from two or three hundred DNA bases to multiple million bases.
- A global examination exertion called the Human Genome Project, which attempted to decide the succession of the human genome and recognize the gene that it contains, assessed that people have somewhere within the range of 20,000 and 25,000 genes.
- Each individual has two duplicates of each quality, one acquired from each parent.
- Most genes are something similar in all individuals, however, few genes (under 1% of the aggregate) are marginally unique between individuals.
- Alleles are types of similar quality with little contrast in their succession of DNA bases.
- These little contrasts add to every individual's extraordinary actual provisions.
- Genes are situated on the 23 sets of chromosomes and are liable for the transmission of innate characters from guardians to posterity.
- Genes are DNA strands that are composed of the nucleotide chain. The compound construction of quality contains nucleotides.
- A piece of DNA gene comprises A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), and C (Cytosine) nucleotides.
- With the nucleotides of the contrary strand, it ties with hydrogen bonds, and with the neighboring nucleotide, it ties with phosphodiester bonds.
- The nucleotides are a mix of nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, and C), phosphate, and pentose sugar.
- By and large, quality construction comprises two sorts of components: center components and administrative components.
- The center components or arrangements really partake in protein development. While the administrative components keep up with quality articulation.
- Exons are center components.
- Groupings on the opposite side like advertisers, enhancers, and silencers are administrative components of quality.
- The third sort of component called support components has data for DNA fixing, alteration, and replication. The practical or actual construction of quality contains introns, exons, advertisers, enhancers, and UTRs.
- Introns are mediating non-coding groupings eliminated from the last record.
- Exons are coding portions of a quality that are joined in the wake of grafting and developing the last record.
- Administrative components are situated on the outrageous closures of quality.
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Top Questions on Regulation of Gene Expression
- Match List I with List II:
List I List II A Two or more alternative forms of a gene I Back cross B Cross of F1 progeny with homozygous recessive parent II Ploidy C Cross of F progeny with any of the parents III Allele D Number of chromosome sets in plant IV Test cross
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:- NEET (UG) - 2024
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- Match the following genes of the lac operon listed in column ‘A’ with their respective products listed in column ‘B’:
\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{A: Gene} & \textbf{B: Products} \\ \hline \text{a. ‘i’ gene} & \text{(i) β-galactosidase} \\ \text{b. ‘z’ gene} & \text{(ii) lac permease} \\ \text{c. ‘a’ gene} & \text{(iii) repressor} \\ \text{d. ‘y’ gene} & \text{(iv) transacetylase} \\ \hline \end{array} \] Select the correct option:
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- In an E. coli strain the i gene gets mutated and its product can not bind the inducer molecule. If the growth medium is provided with lactose, what will be the outcome?
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Questions Asked in UPSEE exam
Acetic acid dissociates 1.3%. What will be the pH of \(\frac {N}{10}\) solution of the acid.
- UPSEE - 2019
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Let z = x + iy be a complex number satisfying the following equation |z - (2 + i)| = |Re(z) - 4 | Which of the following options describes the above equation?
- UPSEE - 2019
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
- Let x be an $n \times 1$ matrix. Let O and I be the zero, and identity matrices of order n, respectively. Define $P = - \frac{xx^T}{x^Tx}$ is the transpose of x. Then which of the following options is always CORRECT?
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- Let z = x + iy be a complex number. The equation arg $\left( \frac{z + 1}{z}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4}$ represents
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- Let $a_1, a_2, a_3$, ... be an arithmetic progression with nonzero common difference. It is given that $\sum^{12}_{i = 4} a_i = 63$ and $a_k = 7 $ for some k . Then the value of k is
- UPSEE - 2019
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Concepts Used:
Regulation of Gene Expression
The process by which the instructions present in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a protein is called Gene Expression. It is a tightly coordinated process that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment.
In the meanwhile process, genetic codes from the DNA code are converted into a protein with the help of translation and transcription. The genetic expression shows the process of the genetic makeup of an organism as its physical traits. All over the process, the information flows from genes to proteins.
For a better understanding, let us take the example of the Keratin genes. Keratin is a protein that helps in the formation of our hairs, nails, and skin. Usually, these things grow at a continuous speed as our hairs, nails, and skin get worn down over a period of time. The production of excessive keratin could form many hairs on the skin, dry and hard skin, and thick and long nails. To avoid this, it is necessary to regulate the expression of the keratin gene.
Regulation of gene expression includes different mechanisms through which our cells manage the amount of produced protein by our genes.
