Question

The process of mineralization by microorganisms helps in the release of:

• A. Inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus.
• B. Organic nutrients from humus.
• C. Inorganic nutrients from humus.
• D. Organic and inorganic nutrients from detritus.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Mineralization is a key process in the nutrient cycle wherein microorganisms break down organic matter, specifically detritus. Detritus includes plant and animal remains or other non-living organic materials. During mineralization, microorganisms decompose this material, converting it into simpler inorganic substances. These inorganic nutrients are then released into the soil, which can be readily absorbed by plants.

In addition to mineralization, humification also occurs, where some of the decomposed organic matter is transformed into humus, a stable form of organic matter beneficial to soil structure and fertility.

Given the options, we focus on mineralization results: 

• "Inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus" correctly describes the process by which inorganic nutrients are released during microbial decomposition, contributing to the nutrient pool and the formation of humus.
• The other options either incorrectly emphasize the types of nutrients released or omit the formation of humus.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus.

Answer 2

Mineralization Process

Mineralization is a natural process that involves the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. During this process, complex organic compounds are broken down into simpler inorganic nutrients.

Role of Microorganisms

Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in mineralization. They secrete enzymes that break down organic matter, releasing essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into the soil.

Formation of Humus

As organic matter decomposes, it also contributes to the formation of humus. Humus is a dark-colored, highly stable organic substance that improves soil structure and water retention.

Contribution to Soil Fertility

The inorganic nutrients released through mineralization are essential for plant growth. These nutrients, along with the improved soil structure provided by humus, enhance soil fertility.

Summary

In summary, mineralization breaks down organic matter into inorganic nutrients, which are vital for plant growth. Additionally, the process contributes to the formation of humus, which improves soil structure and water retention. Both of these factors combined enhance soil fertility.