Question

The President can declare financial emergency under Article

• A. 352
• B. 356
• C. 360
• D. 365

Hint:

Emergency Provisions in the Indian Constitution: - Article 352: National Emergency (due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion). - Article 356: State Emergency / President's Rule (due to failure of constitutional machinery in a state). - Article 360: Financial Emergency (if financial stability or credit of India is threatened). A financial emergency has never been declared in India to date.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Recall the emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution.
Part XVIII of the Constitution of India deals with Emergency Provisions.
There are three types of emergencies that can be declared:
Step 2: Identify the articles corresponding to each type of emergency.
- Article 352: Deals with National Emergency.
This can be declared if the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of its territory is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.
- Article 356: Deals with State Emergency (President's Rule).
This can be imposed in a state if the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor of the State or otherwise, is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
- Article 360: Deals with Financial Emergency.
This can be declared by the President if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India or of any part of its territory is threatened.
- Article 365: States that where any State has failed to comply with, or to give effect to, any directions given in the exercise of the executive power of the Union under any of the provisions of this Constitution, it shall be lawful for the President to hold that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution (can lead to imposition of Article 356).

Step 3: Identify the article for financial emergency.
Article 360 empowers the President to declare a Financial Emergency.
This matches option (3).