Question

The ozone layer in the atmosphere absorbs:

• A. Only the radio waves
• B. Only the visible light
• C. Only the \( \gamma \)-rays
• D. X-rays and ultraviolet rays

Hint:

- The ozone layer protects life by absorbing harmful UV and X-ray radiation.
- It is located in the stratosphere.
- Excessive depletion of the ozone layer leads to increased UV exposure, causing health risks.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing harmful radiation from the Sun. Let’s analyze the absorption properties of the ozone layer.
Step 1: Understanding the Ozone Layer
- The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere, approximately 10–50 km above the Earth’s surface.
- It is primarily composed of ozone molecules (\( O_3 \)), which absorb high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
Step 2: Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves
- The ozone layer does not absorb radio waves, which have very long wavelengths and low energy. Hence, option (A) is incorrect.
- Visible light passes through the ozone layer without significant absorption, allowing sunlight to reach Earth. Thus, option (B) is incorrect.
- Gamma rays (\( \gamma \)-rays) are absorbed primarily by the Earth's atmosphere, but not specifically by the ozone layer. Hence, option (C) is incorrect.
- X-rays and ultraviolet (UV) rays are absorbed effectively by the ozone layer, preventing harmful radiation from reaching Earth's surface. This makes option (D) correct.
Step 3: Explanation of Correct Answer
- The ultraviolet radiation (UV-C and most of UV-B) from the Sun is absorbed by ozone, preventing damage to living organisms.
- X-rays from the Sun and cosmic sources are also absorbed by the ozone layer, preventing them from reaching the surface.
Thus, the correct answer is:
\[ {{X-rays and ultraviolet rays (Option D)}} \]