Step 1: Understand what counts as significant figures.
Significant figures are the digits that carry meaning contributing to a number's accuracy.
Step 2: Identify and discard leading zeros.
In \( 0.00005041 \), all the leading zeros (those before the first non-zero digit) are not counted.
Step 3: Count the remaining digits.
After skipping the zeros, we are left with:
\[
5, 0, 4, 1
\]
So, the number of significant figures = 4.
Conclusion: \( \boxed{4} \) is the correct number of significant figures.