The magnetic susceptibility is negative for :
- paramagnetic material only
- ferromagnetic material only
- paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials
- diamagnetic material only
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Magnetic Susceptibility
Magnetic susceptibility (\(\chi\)) measures the extent to which a material becomes magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field. The sign of the magnetic susceptibility indicates the type of magnetic material:
- Paramagnetic materials: These materials have a small positive magnetic susceptibility and are weakly attracted to magnetic fields.
- Ferromagnetic materials: These materials have a large positive susceptibility and exhibit strong attraction to magnetic fields.
- Diamagnetic materials: These materials have a negative magnetic susceptibility, meaning they are weakly repelled by magnetic fields.
Since the question asks about negative magnetic susceptibility, the correct answer is that it is found in diamagnetic materials only.
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Concepts Used:
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Magnetic Material:
Magnetic material is one that can repel or attract other materials. The process of attraction or repulsion of these materials depends on the arrangement of electrons, which is known as the magnetic moment of that material.
Diamagnetic - With regard to the susceptibility χ, a material is diamagnetic if χ is negative. These materials produce negative magnetization when they are placed in the magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, these diamagnetic materials are barely magnetized. Diamagnetic substances are the ones that are repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetic - In the presence of an external magnetic field, the substances that get weakly magnetized are known as paramagnetic substances. The magnetic dipoles align along the direction of the applied field, reinforcing and enhancing the magnetic field. These substances get weakly attracted to a magnet as they tend to move from a weaker magnetic field to a stronger one. The magnetization (M) of paramagnetic materials, discovered by Madam Curie, depends on the temperature (T) and the external magnetic field B.
M = C x (B/T)
Where M = Magnetization
C = Curie Constant
B = External magnetic field
T = Temperature
Ferromagnetic - The materials strongly attracted by the magnetic field are known as ferromagnetic materials.